TOPIC - METALS AND NON - METALS(SCIENCE)

        METALS AND NON - METALS 

 Metals and non-metals are two broad categories of elements with distinct properties. Metals are generally shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals are typically dull, brittle, and poor conductors. Examples of metals include iron, copper, and gold, while examples of non-metals include oxygen, sulfur, and carbon. 

Physical Properties:

Metals:

Luster: Metals have a shiny surface (lustrous).

Malleability: Metals can be hammered into thin sheets.

Ductility: Metals can be drawn into wires.

Conductivity: Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.

State: Metals are typically solids at room temperature, with the exception of mercury and gallium.

Non-metals:

Luster: Non-metals are generally dull, though graphite is an exception.

Malleability & Ductility: Non-metals are brittle and cannot be hammered into sheets or drawn into wires.

Conductivity: Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity, with graphite being an exception.

State: Non-metals can be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature. 

Chemical Properties:

Metals: Metals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions (cations) in chemical reactions. 

Non-metals: Non-metals tend to gain electrons and form negative ions (anions) in chemical reactions. 

Reactions: Metals react with non-metals to form ionic compounds. 

Examples:

Metals: Aluminum, copper, iron, gold, silver, zinc, tin, lead, mercury, titanium. 

Non-metals: Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, iodine, bromine.